Abstract:This article is based on research data from 70 articles and uses meta-analysis to study the relationship between land use types and surface water quality, in order to provide important references for promoting China's water ecological civilization construction. The results showed that: (1) Grassland, cultivated land, construction land, and forest land have a significant impact of 1% on water quality indicators such as COD, TN, and TP, and the impact effect is still significant at different scales such as 100 meters, 200 meters, and 500 meters in the buffer zone; The significance level of the impact of water bodies and unused land on various water quality indicators is relatively low. (2) The environmental characteristics of the watershed have a strong impact on the research results. Compared to the buffer scale, the research results based on watershed scale reduced the significance of the effect value; From a geographical perspective, the significance of research results based on the eastern region is relatively low; From a seasonal perspective, the significance of research results during the wet season is higher compared to those during the normal season. (3) The characteristics of literature research can also have an impact on the research results. The increase in the number of sampling points and explanatory variables can reduce the significance of research results, and differences in literature research methods and institutions can also lead to differences in research results.