Baseflow recession time of twenty-two catchments across the Poyang Lake Basin were estimated through recession analysis based on the daily streamflow observations from 2007 to 2018. Statistical test and correlation analysis were conducted to compare the estimations derived from the two models, revealing the spatial diversity of baseflow recession time. The potential controlling catchment characteristics were further analyzed. The results show: (1) The recession time estimated by the linear model is significantly lower than that of the nonlinear model, and the mean regression time estimated by the linear and nonlinear models is 50.4 and 67.7 days, respectively. (2) The estimated baseflow recession time based on the two different models reflects the similar spatial difference law, and the recession time of the 15 first-level catchments is generally longer than that of the 7 higher level catchments. (3) The coefficient of altitude variation and the average annual daily streamflow variation are negatively correlated with the catchment baseflow recession time, and the baseflow index is positively correlated with the catchment baseflow recession time, that is, topography and hydrological factors are the main controlling function on the catchment baseflow recession time in this area. The research results are helpful to improve the scientific analysis of the storage-discharge relationship and the dynamic mechanism in Poyang Lake Basin.