China is currently in a period of hard work for high-quality modern development, and urban safety and stability are important prerequisites for development. Flooding, as the most prominent flooding problem in China, poses a serious challenge to urban ecological safety. As an important component unit of cities, campuses are also frequently subjected to rain and flooding disasters. How to reduce the risk of campus rainfall and flooding, improve the disaster prevention system and enhance campus resilience has become an important topic of campus sustainability research nowadays. At present, the research on campus rainfall and flooding hazards is mainly carried out in the fields of disaster simulation and disaster prevention landscape planning from the perspectives of geography and disaster science, but there is a lack of research on the impact factors of campus rainfall and flooding hazards and their intrinsic mechanisms of action. Therefore, this paper integrates the DEMATEL-ISM method to clarify the influence mechanism and the degree of action among the factors and construct a multi-level recursive structural model. The results show that the factors influencing the resilience of campus rainfall and flooding can be divided into five levels and three order structures, among which extreme daily precipitation is the most critical fundamental causative factor, and land cover type, population density, per capita GDP and medical capacity are the most effective direct causative factors. The study can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of campus rainfall and flooding hazards, and contribute to the sustainable development of campuses.