Urban?metabolism?is?the?process?of?inputs?of?material?and?energy?as?well?as?economic?and?environmental?outputs,?whichcan?be?used?to?analyze?the?interactive?coupling?relationship?between?urban?ization-water?resources?systems.?Based?on?the?urbanmetabolism,?this?paper?divided?the?metabolic?processes?of?urbanization-?-water?resources?system?into?assimilation?processes?and?dis-similation?processes.?A?DEA?model?was?applied?to?evaluate?the?assimilation?efficiency?and?dissimilation?efficiency?of?urbanization-water?resources?system?in?the?Pearl?River?Delta?over?recent?15?years.?Then,?the?co?evolution?between?urbanization-?-water?resourcessystem?and?its?problems?and?future?of?the?development?were?analyzed.?The?results?show:?(1)?Compared?with?the?assimilation?eff-ciency,?the?dissimilation?efficiency?of?the?Pearl?River?Delta?with?a?high?level?in?recent?15?years?shows?that?there?was?an?obviousoutput?disturbance?of?urbanization?on?water?resources?system.?(2)?There?is?high?potential?for?increase?in?urbanization?rate,?cconomiclevel,?and?consumption?level?on?the?premise?of?improving?water?efficiency.?The?urbanization?of?the?Pearl?River?Delta?should?focusn?enhancing?the?technical?level?rather?than?increasing?the?resource?input?in?the?future.