By sampling shallow soil in the north central part of the Lijiang River basin, extracting soil solution, determining the chemicalcomposition of the water indexes, this paper analyzed the basic characteristics and rules, calculated the saturation index of calcite and dolomite(SIC, SID), and investigated the soil solution of the carbonate dissolution ability. It was found that: (1) The ion contents in soil are generally highin the southern watershed, low in the northern watershed, and both are low in concentration, and the type of the hydrochemistry of soil solutionis HCO3-Ca; (2) The SIC and SID of the soil solution showed a negative value of the absolute value, which indicated that the soil solution hasstrong dissolution ability to the carbonate rock； (3) SIC, SID decreased gradually from south to north, and the dissolution ability graduallyincreased, and there was a significant correlation between the characteristics of rainfall in the region from south to north；(4) The reason for theenhancement of soil solution to the dissolution of carbonate rock with the increase of rainfall is that the long-term large amount of rainfallfiltration can cause the decrease of Ca2+, Mg2+ and low pH.