The precipitation data from the Zeku Meteorology Station during 1959-2011, annual runoff and sediment discharge data from theTangnaihai Hydrometry Station during 1956-2011 were taken to established correlation with δ18O determination sequences of the adjacentposition (Wanxiang Cave in Gansu Province). This paper studied the changes of precipitation and runoff-sediment sequence in the millenniumscale which based on the establishment of the variation curves of precipitation with 10 -year moving average, and the annual runoff andsediment discharge with 5-year moving average and 10-year moving average. The results show that R2 values of the fitting equations are allgreater than 0.6 except the calibration equation of annual sediment discharge at the Tangnaihai Hydrometry Station with 5 -year movingaverage, and the correlation is relatively high. The annual runoff of the Yellow River source is decreasing while the trend of annual sedimentdischarge is approximately the same, and its changes are mainly related to precipitation. At the Tangnaihai Hydrometry Station, the changes ofannual runoff and sediment discharge in the 1800a scale can be divided into 9 stages, of which 5 stages show an increasing trend and the other4 stages show a decreasing trend.