The Nuorigong basin in the Alaxa area belongs to typical arid region where groundwater is the mainly source of water supply.Hydrogeochemical characteristics research has directive significance to groundwater flow process which provides a theoretical basis forsustainable exploitation of groundwater resources in arid areas. The groundwater in Nuorigong basin was taken as the research object to analyzethe hydrogeochemical characteristics. The results show that the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater have certain regularities fromnorthern bedrock to basin center. The dominant hydrochemical types change from Na-HCO3·Cl and Na-Cl·HCO3 in mountains to Na-SO4·Cland Na-Cl·SO4 in the center of the basin. TDS increases gradually from northwest to southeast, which indicates the direction of groundwater flowin this area. The groundwater chemical composition is mainly controlled by evaporation, dissolution, ion exchange and anthropogenic activities.This research is of great significance for local governments that can make effective management and protection of groundwater in Alaxa area.