Based on the rainfall-runoff data obtained from GPCC (Global Precipitation Climatology Centre) and GRDC (Global RunoffData Centre), this selected 16 stations in the Amazon Basin to analyze the trend, periodicity and mutation of the annual precipitationand runoff in the various sub-basins, and analyzed the variation of runoff in time and spatial distribution, by using Cubic SplineInterpolation, Mann-Kendall method, Yamamoto test, Maximum Entropy method and Wavelet Analysis. The results show that thereis an increase in precipitation and runoff in the whole basin. The distribution of rainfall is uneven, with the north experiencinglesser rain than the south. In the past 50 years, the runoff has increased in the upper and lower parts of the basin. The runoff inthe middle has reduced, but the decrease was lesser than the increase. There is a slight increase in the overall trend.