A rainstorm flood occurred in the Anhui Reach of the Yangtze River From June 18 to July 21, 2016, of which the maximum 3 -day and 7 -day rainfall rank the first in history with the return period being 50 years, and the maximum 15 -day rainfall ranks the second in history with the return period being 50 years. The flood got over the alarming water level in the whole Anhui Reach of the Yangtze River on July 5, 2016, which caused serious flood disaster. After collecting and sorting the rainstorm and flood data, the process and causes of the rainstorm were analyzed, and a comparison was made with the historical data. The results show that the spatial distribution of the heavy rainfall, rainfall and the early stage of the Yangtze river bottom water are the main reasons that lead to 2016 flood ranking the second level in the history.