This paper analyzed the runoff and sediment composition in the Dahuangjiangkou-Wuzhou Reach of the Xijiang River, and used the non-uniformity coefficient to analyze their annual change, studied on the relationship between the precipitation, annual runoff and sediment, analyzed the influence of the human activities on the runoff and sediment using double cumulative curve; used Morlet Wavelet to analyze the mutation of the annual runoff and annual sediment at the Wuzhou Station, and quantitatively analyzed the effect of the precipitation and human activities on the runoff and sediment changes by using hydrological analysis method. The results show that the distribution of the runoff and sediment obviously changed after the Changzhou key water control project working in 2006, the annual runoff and annual sediment distribution has non -uniformity, climate variation is one of the main reasons for annual runoff and annual sediment changing, the annual sediment change of the Xijiang River is the results of the human activities effecting onbasin erosion producing sand when there is not precipitation change effecting.