Snowmelt runoff is the important resources for the inland river basin. It has gradually become a hot issue to simulate snowmelt runoff for hydrological forecasting. In order to describe the uncertainty of snowmelt process in the period of high incidence, the fluxes change of energy balance in the river head of the Urumqi River (from March 14 to April 12, 2010) were calculated using GIS platform based on the energy balance method, MODIS and meteorological data. The spatial distribution of snowmelt water was also analyzed. The results show that there are similar spatial variabilities between the daily sensible heat flux and the daily latent heat flux in the river head of the Urumqi River, but their trends of change are opposite. Although the amount of snowmelt is stable, its spatial distribution is uneven. The amount of average daily snowmelt water is about 8.6 kg/m2 . The simulation is good agreement with the observation data. The coefficient of Nash-Sutcliffe（R2 ）and the volume difference（Dv） is 0.76 and 6.72%, respectively. This research could give administration department some help for hydrological forecasting.