In order to provide scientific basis for sustainable utilization of water resources and water resources management in Yunnan Province, this paper used fuzzy set pair analysis assessment model to select 11 indices1including the water quantity monitoring coverage rate of water users, water quality monitoring coverage rate of water function area and so on for constructing a water resources monitoring ability evaluation index system, and determining the evaluation grading standard. AHP was used to get weight value of each index, and the water resources monitoring ability for 16 regions were evaluated. The results show that the water resources monitoring ability is at the middle level. The fuzzy set pair analysis method is not only simple for calculation, but also reasonable and reliable.