According to the requirements of representation and uniform distribution on the surface of river basin, 39 representative watersheds were selected among the stations in the whole province. The runoff yield parameter calibration of the Xinanjiang model which has a good adaptability in Zhejiang Province was used. Based on the real-time rainfall and evaporation information uploaded by hydrological telemetry system, database, hydrological simulation and ArcGIS spatial analysis technology, daily automatic analysis of spatial distribution of soil moisture deficiency in the whole province was realized by the real-time simulation of soil moisture deficiency in representative river basins.