The interannual change characteristics of the runoff and sediment runoff at the controlled stations were analyzed with mathematical and time interval statistics based on the observed data from 10 stations on the upper and middle reaches of the eastern Heihe River Basin in 60 years, and the runoff at the Yingluoxia Station of the Heihe River outlet in 2015 and 2020 was forecasted with cumulative mean of runoff curve. The results show: (1) The runoff at the upper reach stations increased by 10.5% than the annual mean during 2001-2012. The mean annual runoff in the 4 larger branches (except Mayinghe River) increased gradually in serrated change process. The annual runoff change process at the 3 stations of Yingluoxia, Gaoya and Zhengyixia in middle reaches corresponded each other. The runoff process values of Gaoya and Zhengyixia approached closely and intersected. (2) From 2001 to 2012, the mean sediment runoff at the stations of Zhamashike, Qilian, Yingluoxia, Gaoya and Zhengyixia were less than the annual mean (1978-2012), the scope are -0.3%、-9.7%、-63.9%、-51.8%、-43.3% respectively. The change rule of runoff and sediment in upper and middle reaches of the eastern Heihe River Basin was obtained, which is very important for in the Heihe River Basin to protect and develop water resources, improve ecological environment and advance integrated management.