This paper analyzed the inter-annual change characteristics of the precipitation and runoff between the Yellow River and Shulehe River. The results show that the change of the precipitation and runoff in the Yellow River Basin is consistent, the precipitation is generally decreasing with the runoff reducing; the change tendency of the precipitation and runoff in the Shulehe River Basin is inconsistent, which means that the precipitation is decreasing with the runoff increasing. It is caused by the differences of change and geographical environment and the diversity of runoff supply sources. The runoff supply source of the Yellow River is from precipitation, while the major runoff supply source of the Shulehe River relates to snowmelt rising for higher temperature.