As a result of the flood source and Altai Mountains, the floods occur in Altay area, Xinjiang are usually earlier than those in other basins fed by permanent snow and glacier melt water. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the flood characteristics, analyze the flood happening mechanism, spatial and temporal distribution and variations. In this paper, the data such as flood peak, winter precipitation, and precipitation and air temperature in flood season from 1960 to 2011 were used to analyze the mechanism, spatial and temporal distribution and variations of the floods. The results show: (1) There are 3 types of flood snowmelt flood, mixed flood of snowmelt and precipitation and rainstorm flood. (2) Flood is related to winter snow cover, air temperature, and precipitation in flood season. (3) Flood process is relatively short, the flood time is from the late May to the middle of June. (4) The sand content in flood season accounted for nearly 90% of sediment concentration. (5) The rainstorm floods usually occur in the rivers in mid-eastern Altai area. (5) The flood in whole region is synchronous, interannual variation of flood is relatively small.