Aiming at the shallow groundwater water environment characteristics in the eastern Songnen Plain, the chemical characteristics of the water were analyzed with the monitored groundwater. Analysis was made by comparing the groundwater quality data in 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2012, it was found that the water quality changed a lot. On this basis, support vector machine was used to assess the water quality. The results show that the content of Fe, Mn in the phreatic water and confined water of quaternary is much higher, the maximum of total hardness is 1321.12mg/L, the maximum of total dissolved solids is 2214.45mg/L, and the hydrochemical types are both not greater than 1.5g /L of HCO3 - Ca type. The content of nitrate, ammonium, chloride and sulfate was rising. At the same time, phenol and Cr6+ and other toxic materials did not appear in the water. Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ grade phreatic water samples accounted for 12.03% of the total, Ⅳ, Ⅴclass accounting for 87.97% of the total. Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ class confined water samples accounted for 10.83% of the total, Ⅳ, Ⅴclass accounting for 89.17 % of the total. The results of the evaluation method are 95% consistent with the comprehensive index method. Therefore, the water quality evaluation result can provide a scientific guidance for water resources managing department.