Base on the continuous observed sediment data from 58 sediment stations of the main rivers in the Pearl River Basin from 1956 to 2000, the sediment concentration and sediment runoff of the main rivers in the temporal and spatial distribution for hydrographic net in different areas were studied. The results show that the majority of sediment concentration of the rivers are small, due to the runoff, sediment runoff are larger; sediment concentration in the spatial distribution is greater in the west than that in the east, and greater in the southwest than that in the northwest, without large difference between southeast and northeast. The sediment present diminishing variation from upstream to downstream along the main rivers of Xijiang, Beijiangr and Dongjiang. The rivers of Nanpanjiang and Beipanjiang are the largest areas of sediment yield, and the upper reach of the Xijiang River is the main source of the sediment. Flood sediment accounted for more than 90%. Although the sediment runoff increased or decreased in various areas during different periods, the total sediment transport capacity is stable. The water structures in the upper reaches of the Xijiang River and Dongjiang River retain the sediment significantly, leading to significant reduce of sediment concentration in the downstream.