Assessment of groundwater resources carrying capacity is full of great significance for maintaining the local ecologicalenvironment security and promoting sustainable socio-economic development. This paper evaluated the groundwater resources carrying capacity in Xi’an City using seven evaluation indexes, such as rate of groundwater development, modulus of groundwater supply, groundwater recharge modulus, groundwater discharge modulus, per capita consumption of groundwater, water consumption perunit of GDP and water resources recycling, based on principal component analysis. The results show that the groundwater resourcesin Xi’an City has a certain carrying capacity, but its rate of exploitation is too high in total and the potential of further development is small. The evaluated value of urban in Xi’an City is 70.816, and its groundwater resources carrying capacity nearly saturates and the potential of further development is the smallest. The evaluated value of Zhouzhi County is -240.998 and the potentialof further development is the largest. The results provide reference for rational use of groundwater resources.