For better management of water resources and flood resourcification in the Yangtze River Basin,water resources assessment is most important.Firstly,the spatial-temporal variability of precipitation and runoff during the last half century in the Yangtze River Basin was analyzed in the present study,using precipitation data from 154 meteorological stations together with discharge data from 26 hydrological stations.The TFPW-MK statistical test was applied to assess the significance of trends.Then,a distributed hydrological model was developed to simulate the hydrology process in the upstream of the Yangtze River Basin.The spatial distribution and temporal variety of runoff in the upstream were discussed in this paper.The results showed that,in the east of Sichuan and Three Gorges,the ratio of seasonal runoff/annual runoff has a significant increase in summer,but reduce in autumn.