The objective of this study is to introduce the basic concept of isotope fractionation and the theory of evaporation by using stable isotope,to review the research on mechanism of stable isotope in water body evaporating all over the world,to analyze the influence of temperature and humidity on isotope fractionation of evaporation,to prove the model of Kinetic fractionation in details,and to summarize the method of calculating evaporation by using isotope.Deficiency of the domestic research on fractionation mechanism of stable isotope in water body evaporating was pointed out and research direction was viewed.