The combination of China's water scarcity,frequent occurrences of water-related natural disasters and deterioration of environment makes it necessary for practitioners to include risk concept,measures and best practices in all aspects of water resources development and disaster management.One understanding from our risk analysis and management experiences in Water Resource and Water Environment Management practices is:Model-Based Risk Analysis is neither a reliability calculation such as those used for building construction nor a technical hydraulic simulation used for modeling the flood coverage and flood level of the Design Flood either.The mission-critical factor for Model-Based Risk Analysis is to capture location-specific risk drivers and their behaviors for each and every location that we model.At the heart of Model-Based Risk Analysis is an alternative conceptual framework.This framework sheds new light on traditional concepts,such as the coverage of Engineering Hydrology,Uncertainties in Sustainable Development,Risks in Risk Analysis.