This paper describes the recent variation of water resources and water consumption in the Pearl River Basin based on the data from Pearl River Water Resources Bulletins. The research results provide the reference for the development, utilization and rational configuration of water resources in this basin. Floods and droughts frequently occurred in the Pearl River Basin in the 1990s, such as the serious floods happened in June 1994 and June 1998, as well as the spring drought and autumn drought in some areas in 1998 and 2000. During this period, there was a fast economic development in this basin;especially the Pearl River Delta and coastal areas had a high-speed economic growth, so that the water consumption increased obviously. The water consumption is tending towards stability in recent years.