In the middle part of Yunnan Province, as the total water demand adds increasingly in recent years, the water supply can not always make the water demand end meet. The conflicting of water supply and water demand has gradually stood out, which estricts the economic and social sustaining development. This paper analyzes the causes of water shortage from many points of view. Meanwhile, based on the actual states in the part, several countermeasures to the problem of water shortage have been researched.