The more attention was paid to works of mountain zone hydrology in arid inland river basin in the past; especially on analysis of water amount and runoff come from mountain areas. It was lack of study on oasis zone hydrology and desert zone hydrology that due to less of attention to irrigation areas and ecology. As an example, the paper analyzes basic characteristics and hydrologic mechanism toward arid inland rivers in Xinjiang Autonomous Region. In the paper, combining the mountain zone hydrology, oasis zone hydrology and ecological environment protection, considering hydrologic cycle in the whole river basin, a new conception of hydrologic cycle in arid inland river basin is presented based on the research and practice of hydrology problem. The contents and goals are put forward for widening research on the field of hydrology. New ideas and contents enrich research and development of hydrology.