In the paper,Shanxi Province was taken for a case,the current situation of water quantity and water quality monitoring,water quantity and water quality assessment in China is described.It considered that the water quantity monitoring and the water quantity assessment were high effective and very experienced,but there are some deficiencies worth to be discussed,such as sampling frequency in water quality monitoring and water quality assessment.At last,some suggestion are put forward,such as sampling frequency in water quality monitoring,estimation of pollutants discharge,the available water quantity with different water quality,and the method of water quality assessment in conjunction with water quantity and water quality was also pointed out.