In the groundwater experimentation station located in the north slope of Tianshan Mountains,three kinds of lithologic character(stony sand,fine sand and clay),which are typical in the inland basins,are chosen to experiment for the infiltration and evaporation of the phreatic water.The volume of infiltration and evaporation of the phreatic water is observed in different groundwater levels.The difference derived from recharge minus evaporation for the phreatic water is calculated.The influences of the lithologic character and the phreatic water level are analyzed for the transformation between soil moisture and phreatic water.The experimentation results are significant for the transformation relationship between soil moisture and phreatic water,the conservation and protection of groundwater resources.